Chemical substances that were once analyzed manually are now analyzed with machines. Apart from gains in efficiency brought by automation, Primo Levi saw one area of loss:
Another virtue that the chemist’s trade develops is patience, not to be in a hurry. Today chemistry is completely changed; it is rapid chemistry. Today the analysis of a mineral is no longer manual. It is done by machine and takes a few minutes, where before it took weeks. Naturally, it was inconvenient having to work a whole week to analyze the mineral, but this made it possible to develop other virtues, which in fact are those of perseverance, not getting discouraged, assiduous application. . . . It is clear that from a practical point of view a machine-made analysis is more convenient. But manual analysis, like all manual work, has a formative value; it is too similar to our origins as mammals to be neglected. (Quoted in The Life of the Creative Spirit, p.216.)
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For a biographical sketch of Primo Levi, click here .
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