It is hardly surprising that the Norwegian killer, Anders Behring Breivik, was a zealous hunter, a killer of animals.
Merritt Clifton, writing in Animal People, discusses research linking the two perversions. An extract:
Fitzgerald, Kalof, and Dietz did a complex set of statistical comparisons of the demographic variables in 581 counties from 1994 to 2002, compared to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report database. “The findings,” they concluded, “indicate that slaughterhouse employment increases total arrest rates, arrests for violent crimes, arrests for rape, and arrests for other sex offenses in comparison with other industries. This suggests the existence of a ‘Sinclair effect’ unique to the violent workplace of the slaughterhouse, a factor that has not previously been examined in the sociology of violence.”
Fitzgerald, Kalof, and Dietz used similar methods and some of the same raw demographic and crime data that ANIMAL PEOPLE used in a 1994-1995 set of comparisons of hunting license sales with child abuse convictions in the 232 counties of New York state, Ohio, and Michigan. The initial study, covering the 62 counties of New York state, found that in 21 of 22 direct comparisons between counties of almost identical population density, the county with the most hunters also had the most child molesting. Twenty-eight of the 32 New York counties with rates of child molesting above the state median also had more than the median rate of hunting. The second ANIMAL PEOPLE study demonstrated that among the 88 counties of Ohio, those with more than the median number of hunters per 100,000 residents had 51% more reported child abuse, including 15% more physical violence, 82% more neglect, 33% more sexual abuse, and 14% more emotional maltreatment.
The third ANIMAL PEOPLE study found that Michigan children were nearly three times as likely to be neglected and twice as likely to be physically abused or sexually assaulted if they lived in a county with either an above average or above median rate of hunting participation.
ANIMAL PEOPLE concluded that the parallels prevalent in all three states support a hypothesis that both hunting and child abuse reflect the degree to which a social characteristic called dominionism prevails in a particular community. Stephen Kellert, in a 1980 study commissioned by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in part to discover effective defenses of hunting, defined dominionism as an attitude in which “primary satisfactions [are] derived from mastery or control over animals,” a definition which other investigators extended to include the exercise of “mastery or control” over women and children.
Kellert -- a hunter who for 30 years has struggled to deny the import of his findings -- reported that the degree of dominionism in the American public as a whole rated just 2.0 on a scale of 18. Humane society members rated only 0.9. Recreational hunters, however, rated from 3.8 to 4.1, while trappers scored 8.5.
Fitzgerald, Kalof, and Dietz found much the same tendencies in their study of slaughtering and crime, including “sexual attacks on males, incest, indecent exposure, statutory rape, and ‘crimes against nature,’” they reported. “Many of these offenses are perpetrated against those with less power,” Fitzgerald, Kalof, and Dietz noted. “We interpret this as evidence that the work done within slaughterhouses might spillover to violence against other less powerful groups, such as women and children."
To read the full article on Animal People’s website, click here.
For a brief biography of Merritt Clifton, click here. For images of or relating to Merritt Clifton, click here.
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